It's the story of a community rooted in the foot, up roots to the days of the first date, a story preserve traditions in impossible conditions for the problems do not stop, which is also the story of the crystallization of a renewed identity against the backdrop of changing circumstances - the story of the largest Jewish community in the Islamic countries, the Jews of Morocco.
Historians realize that Jews first arrived in south-western coast of the Mediterranean Sea since the era of Empire Romania . But Jewish tradition claims that the stability of the Jews in Morocco dates back to before that , to the times of the Bible. Vdhirah residents of the village , " Ifrane Atlas Saghir " Jews tell their parents , the men of King Solomon , arrived in Morocco on the ships of the Phoenicians .
In the days of Romanian and Byzantine empires , and the community faced the powerful orgasms , but continued to grow. Certificates and other historical show that Romans 30 thousand Jews were expelled to Morocco after the destruction of the Jewish Temple . These were the early Jews in Morocco .
While the al-Andalus Square historical conflicts between the Christian world and Islam , the Jews of Morocco kept on their religious identity despite the pressure , " Christian " severe , who hated them to change their religion . But with the rise of Islam , the improved situation of the Jews , after Hzawa status " dhimmis " as in other parts of the Muslim world. , But the referees did not apply all the laws of disclosure in the same way , making their status among the tide .
At that time , there was an important difference between the Jews " country store " , who lived under the central authority of Morocco , and the Jews , " the country Saybah " , who were at the mercy of the authorities of the rebel Berber tribes . Sometimes, certain Jews was put very well , while other communities were struggling for life.
Under the authority of Idrisids in the ninth century, was the case of the Jews volatile. The founder strain , Idris bin Abdullah , who was a descendant of Ali ibn Abi Talib , was harsh toward the Jews . But the welcoming arms of his son , and invited them to stability in the city of Fez , which had been established a few years ago . Dropping to the city center for Islamic and Jewish civilizations alike.
According to different traditions , prevailed in that era phenomenon converted Jew many of Berber tribesmen , who converted to the Jewish religion . But the health of those traditions are not sure .
Century atheist century and the beginning of the second century, salad days stationed , was the case of the Jews is relatively better . Many Jews took over the ministry , and the number of Jewish doctors to the court of Ibn Yasin , who asked to assist in the establishment of a school of medicine in the city of Marrakech
So ended the golden age in the days of the monotheists , who ascended the throne in the middle of the twelfth century , to impose on all the Jews in Morocco and Andalusia to convert to Islam . Demonstrated many Jews to convert to Islam , but they maintained their Jewishness hidden . Over the two centuries before returning the Jewish community in Morocco to its former position , but started in isolated neighborhoods , " navigator " , which has characterized the Jews in every city .
Ebb and flow
But what is the nature of Jewish Morocco more than anything else is the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492 . Has reached tens of thousands of new Jewish cities to Morocco and settled there . Through the centuries , the Jews of Morocco shape peoples and newcomers Jalitin separate , each with their own customs and provisions , the differences did not start to shrink until after the passage of two centuries . On the one hand , led the occupation, " the Christian kingdoms " in the Mediterranean coast to the suffering of the Jews of Spain and Portugal from the rigors of " Christian denominations " even after the migration to Morocco . But on the other hand , has received the status of these top-notch Jewish people, and knew as traders and diplomats, experts , were acceptable to their Muslim neighbors as well.
In the end, was the migration of the Jews of Andalusia large pond for the Jews of Morocco, and started since the beginning of the sixteenth century marked the era of economic prosperity. In the centuries that followed, the community known periods of prosperity and growth as well as periods of hostility, theft, and looting.
Listen to the song Judaism - traditional Moroccan "Whoa man and beat admit mistakes":
Mark Sultan Yazid, who ruled in the late eighteenth century , the enemies of the Jews , as humiliated wealthy community , and ordered the navigator looted Jewish wives and rape . And speaks another tradition of the town of Ifrane fifty of the city's Jews , they jumped into the raging fire when given a choice between conversion to Islam and death. The more fires that have affected international wars in Morocco , Jews suffered the most , because their neighbors poured out their anger on them from the enemy.
Days of plenty under the authority of France
In the early twentieth century , a new peak in the dissolved ill put the Jews of Morocco . In the turmoil that occurred in the town of Taza, in 1903 , killing 30 people , while 50 were killed in the city of Settat in 1907 , and 30 people in the city of Casablanca in the same year . In Casablanca , the worst disturbances occurred . It has stormed five thousand armed Moroccan Jewish navigator , looted and tore down everything , so they kidnapped women and forced people to convert to Islam .
But the Treaty of Fez in 1912 led to the end of that dark period . Although the massacre carried out in fifty of the Jews of Fez immediately after the Treaty's entry into force , resulting in strengthening the control of French Morocco to grant Jews protection and care . In general, fever French Jews of Morocco , and were pleased that give them their language and their culture .
Under the auspices of France , increased culture among the Jews, and founded a new elite , did not rely on the traditional religious leadership . Slowly , Jews began migrating Haves and young people from the ghettos to the European neighborhoods . In that period , it has become almost all the Jews of Morocco civilians , and adopted a modern lifestyle .
Even if many of the Jews emigrated from Morocco to France and South America. Even today , living in France, about 150 thousand Moroccan Jews . On the other hand , chose a few Jews - only a few thousand - to emigrate to Palestine . But with the occupation of Nazi Germany to France in 1940 and the establishment of the Vichy government of anti-Semitism , he returned and worsen their situation .
Listened to more of the Moroccan Jewish singing :
The heart of the establishment of the Zionist entity ( Israel ) in 1948 objects. It has become the look of the Muslim population more hostile than ever . Although the royal family , especially during the reign of King Mohammed V , granted Jews equal rights , fear prevailed over the fate of the community.
But the Israelis did not welcome all the love of a Moroccan Jew . It has put the Jewish leadership in Israel conditions for immigration to Israel , preferring to accept the Moroccan young men and uninfected , who can contribute to the development of the young state , while the elderly and the sick were forced to stay in the rear , and many of them died before getting the chance to emigrate.
While boarded Morocco in 1956 , became the illegal immigration of Jews , and Israel began evading hidden . King Mohammed V tried to convince the Jews that they will continue to enjoy the security and abundance , and appointed for this purpose and Jewish ministers in his government - Leon Ben Zaken , who was appointed minister of mail . However , escaped about 30 thousand Jews to Israel in the late fifties illegally , and contrary to the desire of the Government of Morocco
In 1961 , there have been a disaster , when a ship sank in the sea called " Ojos " , was carrying 44 Jews on their way to Gibraltar towards Israel , and all the passengers died, but three crew members . In the same year , and signed a treaty made immigration a secret , and in the early sixties , arrived in Israel about 80 thousand Moroccan Jews in ways that legitimacy . Overall, immigrated to Israel over the years 250 thousand Moroccan Jews .
Difficulties in Israel
Like any migration from Arab countries to Israel , and the Jews of Morocco also faced many difficulties with their arrival in the country. It has suffered from the perception of inferiority to them as individuals without civilization , the harsh and primitive , and that despite their traditions and their culture diverse and rich that have been preserved over the years. It is particularly humiliating title " Moroccan knife" which aims to hint that the nature of the Jews of Morocco are hot and violent .
Mrkzitin in two incidents over the years , the Jews of Morocco protested discrimination against them . First, in 1959 , a wave of protests swept the city of Haifa after an Israeli policeman was shot on the person of Moroccan origin in the neighborhood of the Valley of the Cross in the city. In response, Moroccan Jews protested against the police headquarters in Haifa . The reaction of a racist institution itself , as it accused the demonstrators of being drunk and unemployed.
The second event has been the early seventies , with the establishment of the " Black Panthers " Israel , which represented the descendants of Muslim countries in Israel , and demanded to stop discrimination against them . Organized this movement , which was led by immigrants Moroccans , a demonstration of thousands of people in the heart of Jerusalem , called to address their distress .
Following the outcry , the government responded to the demand to discuss the allegations , " Panthers " seriously , until it has set up a public committee to find a solution to their problem . The results of the examination committee that several layers in Israel have been discriminated against . In the aftermath, increased significantly the budgets of the ministries that deal with social affairs . The funds were many interesting classes vulnerable .
Resulted in feelings of resentment and persecution up for many of Moroccan descent to overthrow the authority of Mapai ( Workers Party of the Land of Israel ) in 1977 , and the delivery of the Likud Party , headed by Menachem Begin to power for the first time . Even today, decades after these events , there is among the people of the Moroccan community in Israel claims that its members are being discriminated against in comparison with the Israelis of European descent . By contrast , there are those who claim that those gaps Ameht long ago .
Cultural wealth
Know the language of the Jews of Morocco , literature , music and the richness and depth of the grave . The language of the Jews of Morocco differ from one area to another . Jewish language - Moroccan accent is different from that of the Moroccan Arabs , which is still preserved in the tongues of the descendants of Morocco . Speaks of the Jews expelled from Spain atomic language " Hakitia " , a dialect of Ladino , with utter Jews mountains Moroccan accents subsidiary of Atlantic Amazigh dialect . Moreover, the utter most Moroccan Jews in French at a high level .
Keeps hair Moroccan Jewish themes from various civilizations , and combines classic Jewish topics and Andalusian motifs crept after Andalusian influence . Over the centuries , Morocco was the center of Jewish religious poetry , which gave the Jewish people Vsaúd Ancdoh in the synagogues on the sabbath days in the winter . Blends the habit , which origins date back to the Jews of Andalusia , between worshiping God and praise on Saturday with nostalgia for the land of Israel ( occupied Palestine )
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